Roland H. Bainton was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, on 30 March 1914, the son of a Presbyterian minister. He attended Yale University, graduating in 1937, and then went to Yale Divinity School. He studied philosophy at Harvard University and graduate work at the University of California at Berkeley
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He received his M.A. degree from Princeton University in 1942. From 1935 to 1939 he taught at the University of California, Berkeley Extension Department of Speech Communication, where he wrote much of his first book, The Great Adventure (1942).
During World War II, Dr. Bainton served as an officer in the United States Army Air Force. At the end of the war, he resumed his academic career as an associate professor of speech at Princeton (1946-1952), and then as a full professor (1952-1967) at Columbia University's Teachers College.
He was also a visiting professor at the Universities of Toronto (1953) and Sussex (1959). Dr. Bainton taught English composition for fifteen years at Villanova University (1967-1980) and served as Dean (1980-1983).
He retired from teaching in 1984 to pursue his other interests—writing, public speaking, and teaching seminars on leadership development—and later became president of Roland H. Bainton Foundation for Leadership Development (1984 to 1991).