Hughes Mearns was born at the foot of the Glenshee Hills in the Scottish Highlands in 1812. He was educated at Glasgow University and trained as a journalist. He emigrated to Canada in 1833, where he began practising law. He was appointed Secretary of the Province of Canada in 1841, became Attorney-General for Upper Canada in 1844, and served as Governor-General of British North America (now Canada) from 1849 to 1850
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During his term of office he was responsible for negotiating the Webster-Ashburton Treaty. After returning to England, Hughes Mearns became editor of the Manchester Guardian newspaper in England. He died at his home in London on February 16, 1904.