Martin Chalfie is a professor of molecular and cell biology and of genetics and biochemistry at the New York University School of Medicine, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. He is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, the founder and chairman of the RIKEN BRC Institute in Japan, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He holds a Ph.D. in genetics from Cornell University and did his postdoctoral work at Harvard University
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His research focuses on understanding the molecular basis of the formation and function of organelles, such as mitochondria and nuclei, which are found in all cells. He was recently awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on single-molecule electron microscopy and its use to explore biological systems at the single-molecule level.