Johannes Stark was a German psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, best known for his work with the American writer Ernest Hemingway. Stark was born in Berlin to a Jewish family, and was the only one of four children to survive World War I. In 1917 he joined the Freie Arbeiter Union, a German socialist organization created by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, and then moved on to the International Workers' Union. In 1918 he moved to New York City where he worked as a writer for several publications before entering the Columbia University School of Medicine in 1921
In 1926 he became a resident at New York Psychopathic Hospital and a member of the American Psychopathological Association which later merged with the American Psychiatric Association in 1937.
We have learnt through experience that when an electrical ray strikes the surface of an atom, an electron, and in some circumstances a second and even a third electron, can be detached.Johannes Stark
An external electric field, meeting it and passing through it, affects the negative as much as the positive quanta of the atom, and pushes the former to one side, and the latter in the other direction.Johannes Stark
