James J. Hill (1838-1916) was a Scottish-born American business executive and founder of the Great Northern Railway. He is widely recognized as one of the most successful and innovative railroad leaders in American history, and his success laid the foundation for some of the great industrial enterprises of the 20th century. Hill pioneered the concept of controlling and operating a series of closely interconnected railroads, which he called "systems," rather than one large railroad
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His system stretched from New England to Chicago and included such famous institutions as the Great Northern, Northern Pacific, and Union Pacific Railroads.