James Franck (1866-1945) was a German physicist who received his doctorate in physics at the University of Heidelberg. In 1896 he became an assistant professor and in 1903 was appointed associate professor at the University of Graz, Austria. In 1919 he was appointed director of the Institute for Theoretical Physics and Electrodynamics (Institut für Theoretisches Physik und Elektrodynamik), which is now known as the Max-Planck Institute for Physics. In 1941 he was forced to leave Germany as a result of the Nazi regime's anti-Jewish policies
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He subsequently migrated to Geneva, Switzerland, where he died on January 18, 1945.