The idea that one can go to the fossil record and expect to empirically recover an ancestor-descendant sequence, be it of species, genera, families, or whatever, has been, and continues to be, a pernicious illusion.

Gareth J. Nelson
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The idea that one can go to the fossil record and expect to empirically recover an ancestor-descendant sequence, be it of species, genera, families, or whatever, has been, and continues to be, a pernicious illusion. In regard to the fossil record, the fallacy of this statement is very clear. However, in regard to biological evolution, this statement has some truth. When new species evolve from older ones through a change in genetic material, there is no direct ancestor-descendant relationship between the two lineages.

That is because the new gene pool did not come from ancestors directly. Rather, a single gene was transferred from a common ancestor into each new lineage. Consequently, one cannot determine which of two lineages came from which ancestor by studying fossils alone.

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