However, questions arise. Are there people who aren't naive realists, or special situations in which naive realism disappears? My theory–the self-model theory of subjectivity–predicts that as soon as a conscious representation becomes opaque (that is, as soon as we experience it as a representation), we lose naive realism. Consciousness without naive realism does exist. This happens whenever, with the help of other, second-order representations, we become aware of the construction process–of all the ambiguities and dynamical stages preceding the stable state that emerges at the end. When the window is dirty or cracked, we immediately realize that conscious perception is only an interface, and we become aware of the medium itself. We doubt that our sensory organs are working properly. We doubt the existence of whatever it is we are seeing or feeling, and we realize that the medium itself is fallible. In short, if the book in your hands lost its transparency, you would experience it as a state of your mind rather than as an element of the outside world. You would immediately doubt its independent existence. It would be more like a book-thought than a book-perception. Precisely this happens in various situations–for example, In visual hallucinations during which the patient is aware of hallucinating, or in ordinary optical illusions when we suddenly become aware that we are not in immediate contact with reality. Normally, such experiences make us think something is wrong with our eyes. If you could consciously experience earlier processing stages of the representation of the book In your hands, the image would probably become unstable and ambiguous; it would start to breathe and move slightly. Its surface would become iridescent, shining in different colors at the same time. Immediately you would ask yourself whether this could be a dream, whether there was something wrong with your eyes, whether someone had mixed a potent hallucinogen into your drink. A segment of the wall of the Ego Tunnel would have lost its transparency, and the self-constructed nature of the overall flow of experience would dawn on you. In a nonconceptual and entirely nontheoretical way, you would suddenly gain a deeper understanding of the fact that this world, at this very moment, only appears to you. Thomas Metzinger
About This Quote

This quote represents the concept of naive realism, which was first coined by Hilary Putnam in 1975. The idea is that you are able to see the world as it really is because you are unaware of the processes that are involved in generating your experience. If you are unaware of these processes then you are unable to let go of your naive sense of perception and understand that there is more going on behind the scenes than you can see. This view of the world has been challenged by philosophers such as John Searle and Daniel Dennett.

Source: The Ego Tunnel: The Science Of The Mind And The Myth Of The Self

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  1. However, questions arise. Are there people who aren't naive realists, or special situations in which naive realism disappears? My theory–the self-model theory of subjectivity–predicts that as soon as a conscious representation becomes opaque (that is, as soon as we experience it as a representation), we...
  2. Yes, there is an outside world, and yes, there is an objective reality, but in moving through this world, we constantly apply unconscious filter mechanisms, and in doing so, we unknowingly construct our own individual world, which is our "reality tunnel.
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